Aeronautics
How has Aeronautics turn Hot Air Balloons to N.A.S.A.'s rockets?
Sunday, May 22, 2011
Bibliography
"Aeronautics." Google Images.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2011.
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"Airplane Timeline." Greatachievements.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2011. http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3728.
"Early Space Flight." AVkids.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2011. http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/Rockets.htm.
"Helicopter (Aerial Screw)." Leonardo Da Vinci inventions. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 May 2011. http://www.da-vinci-inventions.com/aerial-screw.aspx.
"The History of Hot Air Ballooning." Eballon.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2011. http://www.eballoon.org/history/history-of-ballooning.html.
"The History of Pyrotechnics." Thinkquest.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 May 2011. http://library.thinkquest.org/15384/history/index.htm.
"History of the Helecopter." About.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2011. http://inventors.about.com/od/hstartinventions/a/helicopter.htm.
"Invention and History of Rockets." About.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2011. http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/Rockets.htm.
Similarities
Helicopters and Airplanes use propellers.
Airplanes, rockets, and helicopters have air chambers for high altitudes.
Rockets
The Chinese weren't the only civilization to use rockets, but they were the first. As rocketry spread to Europe, they were only used as weapons, and some rockets were even used to hunt whales.
It wasn't until the 20th century that people began to understand how rockets worked and had enough knowledge to create advanced technology.
In 1926, A United States Physicists, Dr. Robbert Goddard he launched the first liquid rocket 41 feet. In Germany, Wernher von Braun worked on a V-2 missile and came to the U.S. after World War II. The U.S. began working on satellites in 1955, but in 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite Sputnik I, and two months later, they launched Sputnik II, carrying a dog in it.
Soon the U.S. launched their own satellite Explorer I, and replaced N.A.C.A. with N.A.S.A. in 1958. In 1958, project Mercury began with the first American in space. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy promised to have a man on the moon before the end of the decade.
Project Gemini was a series of space flights to prepare to land a man on the moon, and Project Apollo was the final step to land a man on the moon. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin land on the moon.
The International Space station Mir was the first space station. Mir was operated by both the Soviet Union and the United States that demonstrated international cooperation. The U.S. space station Skylab proved that humans can survive in space for long periods of time.
In 1981, the Space Shuttle was used for space travel. It is a reusable space transportation system (STS) that was used to conduct scientific experiments, to launch satellites, and to house astronauts. The Space Shuttle Program (which is now retired) was also used to transport parts and people to the International Space Station.(ISS)
The ISS has sixteen countries working on it:the United States, Canada, Brazil, Russia, Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Japan, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, Italy, Norway and Denmark. It was completed in 2004 and conducts scientific experiments.
Helicopters
Igor Sikorsky was a Russian emigrate who is considered to be the "Father" of helicopters because he invented the first successful helicopter. He began to design helicopters in 1910, and by 1940, his VS-300 was the first single rotor helicopter. He also designed the XR-4, the first U.S. military or any military helicopter that he delivered to U.S. Colonel Franklin Gregory. Igor Sikorsky had created helicopters that could travel any way, up, down, forwards, backwards, side to side, etc. In 1958, his company attached a boat hull to a helicopter so it could land and take off on water.
In 1944, Stanley Hiller Jr. built a helicopter that used all metal rotor blades that allowed the helicopter to travel faster than ever before. In 1949, he invented a helicopter called the Hiller 360 that he used to fly across the U.S.
Saturday, May 21, 2011
Airplanes
Samuel Langley creates the first successful flying model propelled by an internal combustion engine. He builds his model "Aerodromes," with wingspans up to 15 feet.
1910
Eugene Ely pilots a Biplane and is the first to take off from a ship. He takes off on an anchored cruiser and land on the coast of Virginia. He is also the first person to take off from land and land on a ship in California.
1914
Lawrence Sperry demonstrates an automatic gyrostabilizer that can travel in a strait line without a pilot in New York. Two years later, he and his partner create the first automatic pilot.
1915
United States Congress charters National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (N.A.C.A) for advanced aeronautic research.
The first jet engine is designed and tested by Frank Whittle and Hans von Ohian that later was used to make the first jet aircraft.
1947
On October 14, U.S. Air Force Captain Charles "Chuck" Yeager pilots the Bell X-1 and breaks the sound barrier for the first time.
1990
The B-2 bomber, developed by Northrop Grumman, uses stealth technology and is undetectable on radar. In the same year, Lockheed makes the F-117 stealth fighter (A.K.A. Nighthawk) and is also uses stealth technology and is undetectable on radar.